![]() ![]() Some believe the national attention the Freedom Summer garnered for the civil rights movement helped convince President Lyndon B. King said: “If you value your party, if you value your nation, if you value democratic government you have no alternative but to recognize, with full voice and vote, the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.”īut at the August 1964 Democratic National Convention held in Atlantic City, New Jersey, MFDP delegates were refused seats, dealing another blow to organizers who had risked their lives to make a change. The Freedom Summer also raised awareness for the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, about which Dr. The Mississippi Project did establish more than 40 Freedom Schools serving a combined 3,000 students. While 17,000 Black Mississippians attempted to register to vote that summer, only 1,200 were successful. Voter registration in Mississippi was not greatly impacted by the Freedom Summer. Public outcry over the killings mounted: Where was Federal protection? Why had the investigations been so slow? Distrust grew between white and Black volunteers and staff.įreedom Summer photograph by Marvin Gatch, who took a two-week vacation from his job in the Air Force and went to Jackson to teach in the Freedom Schools. Six weeks later, the beaten bodies of the missing volunteers were recovered, killed by a Ku Klux Klan lynch mob that had the protection and help of a local policeman. Spooked but still determined, the staff and volunteers of the Mississippi Project continued on with their mission to register voters and foster a grassroots freedom movement that would continue after their departure. Their names became nationally-known as the hunt for their killers began. The three disappeared after visiting Philadelphia, Mississippi, where they were investigating the burning of a church. No books could have prepared them for what happened next.Īmong the first wave of volunteers to arrive on June 15 were two white students from New York, Michael Schwerner and Andrew Goodman, and James Chaney, a local Black man. ![]() King’s memoir, Stride Toward Freedom, and Lillian Smith’s novel Killers of the Dream. They had also been encouraged to mentally prepare themselves for the experience by reading books like Dr. Volunteers and staff had been warned about the high probability of being arrested and the need to have enough money for bail. Mississippi Project Director Robert “Bob” Moses had pledged his staff and volunteers to “nonviolence in all situations.” Few could have foreseen how dire the situation would become. ![]() On June 15, 1964, the first three hundred volunteers arrived in Mississippi. ![]() Mississippi was chosen as the site of the Freedom Summer project due to its historically low levels of African American voter registration in 1962 less than 7 percent of the state's eligible Black voters were registered to vote. Without access to the polls, political change in favor of civil rights was slow-to-non-existent. Poll taxes and literacy tests designed to silence Black voters were common. had given his famous “ I Have a Dream” speech at the August 1963 March on Washington as 250,000 people gathered before him at the Lincoln Memorial.ĭespite all of this progress, the South remained segregated, especially when it came to the polls, where African Americans faced violence and intimidation when they attempted to exercise their constitutional right to vote. The Freedom Riders had spent 1961 riding buses throughout the segregated South, fighting Jim Crow laws that dictated where Black riders could sit, eat, and drink. What Was The Cause of the Freedom Summer?īy 1964, the civil rights movement was in full swing. ![]()
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